Chapter 11-2 - Islamic Empires

Summary

Arabs spread Islam through preaching, conquest, and trade. After Muhammad died, his followers chose a successor called a caliph. This decision divided the Muslim world into the Shiites and the Sunnis.

The Arab Empire reached new heights under the Abbasid dynasty, and Baghdad became wealthy from trade. The Seljuk Turks moved into the empire, however, and they eventually seized Baghdad. Seljuk rulers called sultans ruled the Abbasid dynasty. The Mongols brought an end to the Arab Empire in 1258 after they invaded Baghdad and burned the city to the ground. Other Muslim groups such as the Moguls and Ottomans built Islamic empires in Asia, Africa, and Europe.

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Chapter 11-1 The Rise of Islam

Summary

The geography of Arabia helped shape the Arab way of life. The Arabian Peninsula is covered with desert, and water is found only at oases. In order to survive the intense heat, early Arabs formed tribes. The leader of the tribe was called a sheikh. Many Arabs lived in towns where they farmed or raised animals, while others were merchants. As trade increased, merchants started towns along the Arabian trade routes. Makkah, a crossroads for caravans and the holiest place in Arabia, became very wealthy from trade.

The prophet Muhammad brought the message of Islam to the people of Arabia. Followers of Islam are called Muslims. They believe in one God named Allah. The Quran provides guidelines for Muslims' lives and the governments of Muslim states. 

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Space Race: Chapter 9: Roman Civilization
  More Space Race: Chapter 9 Roman Civilization
  Jeopardy - Ancient Rome
  Jeopardy - The Glory of Ancient Rome
  Jeopardy - Chapter 9

Chapter 9 Section 3 - The Byzantine Empire

Summary

The Eastern Roman Empire became the Byzantine Empire. The location of its capital city, Constantinople, helped to make it safe from invaders and accessible to trade. The policies and reforms of Emperor Justinian and his wife, Empress Theodora, helped make the Byzantine Empire strong. Byzantines developed a rich culture based on Roman, Greek, and Christian ideas. The religious center of the empire, Hagia Sophia, features mosaics of saints.

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Chapter 9 Section 2 - The Fall of Rome

Summary

Poor leadership, a failing economy, and attacks by Germanic tribes weakened the Roman Empire. As the government weakened, the Roman economy fell apart. Farmers grew less food, artisans produced less work, and businesses closed. The empire was further weakened by plague and inflation. Despite the reforms of Diocletian and Constantine, the empire continued to decline. It eventually split into the Western Roman Empire and the Eastern Roman Empire.

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Mock Election

Election Resources

http://www.infoplease.com/us/government/presidential-election-campaign-2012.html

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http://www.cnn.com/election/2012/campaign-issues.html

http://obamaromney.com/

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